【简介】以下是小编为大家准备的考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之必要排除（共12篇），欢迎大家前来参阅。在此，感谢网友“小恐龙”投稿本文！
考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之必要排除
在阅读理解题的.四个选项中若有选项含有表述重要性意思的关键词，例如essential/important/importance，则优先排除此选项，在以来的真题中，无一例外。
请看下面的例子
Text3第31题
By citing the book The Tipping Point， the author intends to
A. analyze the consequences of social epidemics
B. discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas
C. exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics
D. describe the essential characteristics of influentials
此题中，D项含有essential，排除D「正确答案是B」
Text4第38题
The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.
A. were famous in the New World for their writings
B. gained increasing importance in religious affairs
C. abandoned high positions before coming to the New World
D. created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England
此题中，B项含有importance，排除B「正确答案是D」
以下是20以来所有含有essential/important/importance并应用此招式的例子：
Text2第47题（含essential）
Text3第34题（含essential）
Text4第40题（含essential）
20Text1第21题（含importance）
篇2：考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之排除2014考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之排除
对至20历年真题的研究发现：在阅读理解中，不管题型是推理、细节事实、句子理解，还是例证等若选项含有表述否定的关键词no、no longer、little、cannot，则该选项极有可能不是正确答案，可优先排除之。
请看下面的例子
Text1第52题
We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation
B. amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
C. professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
D. amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
此题中，A项含有little，D项含有no，排除AD
「正确答案是B」
Text2第27题
It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.
A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
此题中，D项含有no，排除D
「正确答案是B」
20Text1第25题
Ryan‘s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing _________？
A. prevents new habits form being formed
B. no longer emphasizes commonness
C. maintains the inherent American thinking model
D. complies with the American belief system
此题中，B项含有no longer，排除B
「正确答案是A」
年Text3第35题
According to the last paragraph， development of education __________.
A. results directly from competitive environments
B. does not depend on economic performance
C. follows improved productivity
D. cannot afford political changes
此题中，D项含有cannot，排除D
「正确答案是C」
2000年以来更多应用此招式的'类似例子还有很多，例如：
Text4第56题
20Text4第57题
Text2第49题
20Text1第22题
年Text2第26题
20Text2第26题
年Text2第27题
2006年Text2第28题
年Text2第27题
2009年Text4第37题
年Text3第34题
先看一个例子，是2010年Text1第23题
试试看，是否能在5秒之内排除两个错误选项？
Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on？
A. It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals
B. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists
C. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism
D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing
「正确答案是D」
注意比较A、B、C、D四个选项，会发现，AD选项中都含有关键词journalistic
答案就在AD中
优先排除不含相同关键词journalistic的BC选项
对2000至2010年历年真题的研究发现
在阅读理解中，在A、B、C、D四个选项中，若有两个或三个选项都含有相同的关键词，则正确答案就在它们之中
不含相同关键词的选项基本都是错误选项，优先排除
请再看下面的例子
2010年Text1第24题
What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs？
A. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today
B. His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute
C. His style caters largely to modern specialists
D. His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition
此题中，AB项都含有关键词music，答案就在AB中，排除CD
「正确答案是A」
2000年Text4第66题
The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that ________.
A. the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life
B. the porce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S
C. the Japanese endure more than ever before
D. the Japanese appreciate their present life
此题中，AD项都含有关键词life，CD项都含有关键词the Japanese
答案就在ACD中，排除B
「正确答案是A」
2000年以来更多应用此招式的类似例子还有很多，例如：
2000年Text1第51、52、53、54题
2000年Text2第56、58题
2000年Text3第59题
2000年Text4第65、66题
20Text1第52题
年Text2第57题
2001年Text3第59题
2001年Text5第67题
年Text1第41、44题
2002年Text2第46、49、50题
2002年Text3第53、54题
2002年Text4第56题
20Text1第44题
年Text2第50题
2003年Text3第53题
2003年Text4第57题
20Text1第45题
年Text2第50题
2004年Text4第57、59题
2005年Text2第30题
篇3：考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之逻辑排除考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之逻辑排除
若四个选项都是X and/but Y模式，则答案是X与Y同类的选项，或是X与Y存在逻辑关系的选项。
请先看下面的一道题，是Text1第23题：
此题四个选项很有特点，都是X and Y模式
针对此题，你是否能做到仅通过比较四个选项就能找出正确答案？
According to Paragraph 4， the stress women confront tends to be
A. domestic and temporary
B. irregular and violent
C. durable and frequent
D. trivial and random
「正确答案是C」
其实很简单，就是比较and前后单词在词义上是否属于同类
以上题为例，选项C中的durable和frequent都是表述时间长久之意，属于同类
而其他选项中and前后单词都不属于同类
所以，正确答案是C
请再看一道题，是2003年Text2第47题
Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.
A. cruel but natural
B. inhuman and unacceptable
C. inevitable but vicious
D. pointless and wasteful
「正确答案是B」
此题选项AC中，but前后单词必然不是同类，所以首先排除AC，答案在BD中选择
仔细比较会发现，BD中and前后的单词都不属于同类
那么，如何在BD中做出选择呢？
此时，应判断and前后单词是否存在明显的矛盾
选项D中，pointless是“毫无意义”， wasteful是“浪费”。既然“毫无意义”，也就不存在“浪费”之说；而如果是“浪费”，那说明原本应该不是“毫无意义”
所以，pointless与wasteful彼此矛盾，应排除选项D
再看选项B，因为inhuman，所以unacceptable，inhuman与unacceptable之间存在必然逻辑关系，所以B是正确答案
总结上面两个例子
如果阅读题中的的四个选项都是X and/but Y模式，则答案是：
1、X与Y表述同类的'选项
2、如果没有同类选项，则是X与Y存在逻辑关系的选项
其实，2000至中，四个选项都是X and/but Y模式的题很少，只有四道题
另外两道题是：
Text5第70题（只有B项中的X与Y同类，答案是B）
2001年Text1第51题（只有D项中的X与Y同类，答案是D）
篇4：考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之优选2014考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之优选
对20以来历年真题的研究发现在阅读理解中，假若有两个选项A和B，A可作为论据支持说明B，或者说是，因为A所以B，那么，B就是正确答案此命名为“A支持B原则”需要注意的是在对选项之间的支持关系进行判断时，勿须深究逻辑的严谨性，只要说得通即可。
请看下面的例子
20Text2第30题
Which of the following would be the subject of the text？
A. A looming threat to business-method patents
B. Protection for business-method patent holders
C. A legal case regarding business-method patents
D. A prevailing trend against business-method patents
此题中，AD之间的关系可理解为：因为D所以A
即，因为有“A prevailing trend against business-method patents”，所以说是“A looming threat”
所以正确答案是A
Text2第28题
People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because
A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
C. vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed
此题中，ABD之间的关系可理解为：因为BD所以A
即，因为B中的“今天强调创造力”和D中的“智力测试特点的定义已改变”，所以有A中的`“成绩用不同的计算方法”
所以正确答案是A
Text4第64题
According to the author， one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ________.
A. the greater customer demands
B. a surplus supply for the market
C. a growing productivity
D. the increase of the world‘s wealth
此题中，AD之间的关系可理解为：因为D所以A，即因为“财富增加”所以“客户需求更大”；BC之间的关系可理解为：因为C所以B，即因为“生产力增长”所以“供给过剩”
所以，正确答案在AB中选择，排除CD
「正确答案是A」
年以来更多应用此招式的类似例子还有很多，例如：
2000年Text2第55题：BD支持C
2000年Text5第67题：B支持A
20Text1第52题：C支持B
年Text2第55题：A支持C
2001年Text2第56题：BCD支持A
2001年Text2第57题：C支持D
2001年Text3第62题：BCD支持A
2001年Text5第68题：CD支持AB（说明：答案在AB中选择）
Text1第45题：BD支持A
20Text3第51题：D支持B
年Text4第56题：C支持B
Text1第43题：B支持C
20Text1第44题：AB支持D
年Text4第60题：B支持C
Text2第48题：B支持C
20Text2第50题：A支持D
年Text3第54题：D支持A
Text1第22题：A支持B
Text1第23题：A支持C
20Text1第24题：C支持D
年Text2第26题：D支持A
2006年Text3第31题：A支持C
2006年Text3第33题：A支持C
20Text2第27题：D支持C
年Text3第31题：ABD支持C
2007年Text4第39题：CD支持A
20Text2第27题：B支持C
年Text2第30题：D支持B
Text3第33题：A支持B
20Text4第36题：D支持B
年Text1第21题：A支持B
2010年Text2第27题：C支持D
2010年Text3第33题：C支持A
最后，再强调再判断选项之间的支持关系时，只要能够自圆其说即可，不必在意逻辑上是否严谨，也不必在意文章在说什么。
篇5：考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之快速选中考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之快速选中
无论是政治还是英语，只要是选择题，题干与选项之间都存在一些内在的关系，根据这些关系，有时会直接选出正确答案。
在考研阅读中，题干与选项之间的关系主要有以下三种：
1、题干与选项在某些关键词上表述对立
2、题干与选项含有相同的关键词
3、题干与选项存在固定搭配关系
这些关系在历年真题中几乎无一例外。
请看下面的例子，首先是第1种关系：题干与选项表述对立
Text3第32题
The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”
A. serves as a solution to marketing problems
B. has helped explain certain prevalent trends
C. has won support from influentials
D. requires solid evidence for its validity
此题中，题干含有关键词suggest，表示非强制性；而D项含有关键词require，带有强制性，显然二者是对立关系
所以D是正确答案
2006年Text2第28题
By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” （Line 2-3， Paragraph 4）， the author implies that ________.
A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
C. the town is not really short of money
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
此题中，题干中的poor与C项中的not really short of money表述对立
所以C是正确答案
其实，题干中的implies已经暗示选择表述对立的选项
题干与选项表述对立的`例子还有：
2001年Text3第62题
题干中的effort与A项中的failure to realize表述对立，所以A是正确答案
其实，题干中的despite已经暗示选择表述对立的选项
2003年Text3第51题
题干中的monopoly与C项中的competitor表述对立，所以C是正确答案
其实，题干中的unlikely已经暗示选择表述对立的选项
2004年Text1第44题
题干中的only表述限制性，而B项中的more表述开放性，二者对立，所以B是正确答案
2004年Text2第48题
题干含有关键词suggest，表示非强制性；而CD项都含有关键词should，带有强制性，所以题干与CD表述对立，正确答案应该在CD中选择
「正确答案是C」
下面是关于第2种关系的例子：题干与选项含有相同关键词
2010年Text3第35题
What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence？
A. The eagerness to be accepted
B. The impulse to influence others
C. The readiness to be influenced
D. The inclination to rely on others
此题中，题干和选项BC都含相同关键词influence，所以正确答案在BC中选择
「正确答案是C」
2007年Text2第28题
People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because
A. the scores are obtained through different computational procedures
B. creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now
C. vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat
D. the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed
此题中，题干和选项A都含相同关键词score，所以正确答案是A
题干与选项含有相同关键词的例子还有：
Text1第51题
题干和选项C都含相同关键词war，所以正确答案是C
2000年Text4第66题
题干和选项AD都含相同关键词life，所以正确答案在AD中选择
「正确答案是A」
2007年Text2第27题
题干和选项BC都含相同关键词test，所以正确答案在BC中选择
「正确答案是C」
下面是关于第3种关系的例子：题干与选项固定搭配
Text3第31题
Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to
A. illustrate the change of height of NBA players
B. show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S
C. compare different generations of NBA players
D. assess the achievements of famous NBA players
此题中，选项A中的illustrate是表示例证的典型代表词，与题干中的example是固定搭配，
所以A是正确答案
在历年的真题中，表示例证的标志词还有：
illustration、demonstrate/demonstration、cite/citation、exemplify、case
2007年Text1第21题
The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
A. stress the importance of professional training
B. spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup
C. introduce the topic of what makes expert performance
D. explain why some soccer teams play better than others
此题中，题干中的phenomenon是文章中的一个引子，是为了引出主题，通常与introduce是固定搭配，所以C是正确答案
类似的例子还有：
2003年Text1第42题
Donovan‘s story is mentioned in the text to ________.
A. introduce the topic of online spying
B. show how he fought for the U.S.
C. give an episode of the information war
D. honor his unique services to the CIA
此题中，题干中的story也是文章中的一个引子，所以正确答案是A
篇6：考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之不选2014考研英语阅读 历年真题总结之不选
对20以来真题的研究发现，在阅读理解题的四个选项中，若有选项含有表述区别、差异等意思的关键词，例如different/difference/distinction，则优先排除此选项。
请看下面的例子
20Text3第31题
Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to
A. illustrate the change of height of NBA players
B. show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S
C. compare different generations of NBA players
D. assess the achievements of famous NBA players
此题中，C项含有different，排除C「正确答案是A」
Text2第26题
Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？
A. Answering philosophical questions
B. Folding or cutting paper into different shapes
C. Telling the differences between certain concepts
D. Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones
此题中，C项含有difference，排除C「正确答案是D」
以下是年以来更多应用此招式的.例子：
Text1第45题（含different）
20Text2第26题（含different）
年Text1第21题（含different）
2008年Text1第24题（含different）
2000年Text2第57题（含difference）
Text3第32题（含difference）
Text1第52题（含distinction）
此技巧有例外，例如Text4第40题
但是，在2000至20的所有真题中，例外的情况很少
在考试中，假如遇到一个含有different/ difference/distinction的选项，而且不能确信是否是正确答案，最好是不选
篇7：考研英语阅读历年真题常见同意替换总结考研英语阅读历年真题常见同意替换总结
1. purchasing power of incomes
Maximizetheir incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes （同意替换）
2. property = real estate （同意替换）
stockexchange， venture investment
3. precision = accuracy
4. Thinking ability = critical thinking =creative= innovation
5. reasoning = logical thought =thought
6. popular culture= common culture
7. cultural power= assimilating power
8. more often than not = often
The decline of telephone is but all too natural in communicationdevelopment.
He more often than not comes here. （短语精讲）
9. prevent （同意替换）= hinder= refrain= deter（同意替换）
翻译：他生病了所以没有去。
Illnessprevented him from going there.
10. judge = Justice （必考含义）
11. apprehension （必考含义） = worry
apprehensiveability 理解能力
12. mind = people= inpidual 同意替换
13. faith=confidence=assertiveness 信心（同意替换）
14. drug= medicine
15. dismiss 斥责= rebuke=criticize
16. tap 开发 tap the market = explore themarket = expand the market
17. verbally
18. entail =make= cause
19. nature ；nurture/ born ； made /inherited ；acquired/（先天和后天）innate （同意替换）
cognitive/intuitive made/born
20. attribute= character=trait=merit=feature=virtue 特点；特质（同意替换）
21. complementary=auxiliary （同意替换）
22. suits = enable （同意替换）= entail
23. visualize=imagine=conceive
24. mechanical = unchanged （同意替换）
Mechanical learning （短语搭配）
Dynamic=changeable=variable； vary
Modify=change
25. distinction= fame （同意替换）（必考词义）
26. implication ； connotation； suggestion； reference；（同意替换）
carry important implications for（短语动词）
27. accumulation = expansion （同意替换）= augmentation
28.literally = actually=absolutely （同意替换）
逐字地；照字面地；确实地，真正地；[口语]差不多，简直（用于加强语意）
29. initiatives=measures （同意替换）
Initiatives =intention
Initiative =active
Initiative=primitive=beginning
30.spontaneity = informal （同意替换）
craft=formal
endeavors=efforts=acts Act
31.Doubt= deny= don‘t believe
Suspect =believe
32.Determine = find out
33. 经济下滑，衰退
slowing economy
softening economy
stagnant economy
economic recession
economic decline
economic stagnation （stagnant）。
Depression
Slowdown
34.symptoms =negative example
35.frames = body
36.grasp = understanding
37.reshape= remold
38.entitle
we are entitled to some privileges.
Some privilege sare given to us .
Some privileges are conferred on us.
篇8：考研英语一阅读历年真题Text 3
The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role， companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ， such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases， one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media – for instance， when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy， effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson， for example， has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income， the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective， gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing， and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more perse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker， more visible， and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers， other stakeholders， or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks， for instance， are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.
If that happens， passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products， putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case， the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful， and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor， for example， alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign， which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are
[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.
[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.
[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.
[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.
32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature
[A] a safe business environment.
[B] random competition.
[C] strong user traffic.
[D] flexibility in organization.
33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.
[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.
[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.
[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.
34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of
[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.
[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.
[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.
[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.
35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?
[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.
[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
[C] Dominance of hijacked media.
[D] Popularity of owned media.
篇9：考研真题历年英语二阅读Text 4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4,4 percent)above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes.”they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare becanse one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
A. The prospect of a thriving job market.
B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.
C. The possibility of full employment.
D. The acceleration of job creation.
37. Many people work part-time because they
A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
B. feel that is enough to make ends meet
C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
D. haven' t seen the weakness of the market
38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US
A. is harder to acquire than one year ago
B. shows a general tendency of decline
C. satisfies the real need of the jobless
D. is lower than before the recession
39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .
A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance
40. The text mainly discusses.
A. employment in the US
B. part-timer classification
C. insurance through Medicaid
D. Obamacare's trouble
篇10：考研真题历年英语二阅读Text 4
When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.
Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.
Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.
The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.
There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.
Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.
But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ?4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in ,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.
36. The author believes that the housing sector__
[A] has attracted much attention
[B] involves certain political factors
[C] shoulders too much responsibility
[D] has lost its real value in economy
37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__
[A] increased its home supply
[B] offered spending opportunities
[C] suffered government biases
[D] disappointed the government
38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.
[A] allow greater government debt for housing
[B] stop local authorities from building homes
[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt
[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast
39.It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.
[A]lower the costs of registered providers
[B]lessen the impact of government interference
[C]contribute to funding new developments
[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities
40.The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.
[A]implement more policies to support housing
[B]review the need for large-scale public grants
[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme
[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector
篇11：考研真题历年英语二阅读Text 4
Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.
The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.
Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?
“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.
After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.
If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.
36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.
[A] women take the lead
[B] men have the final say
[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed
[D] senior management is family-friendly
37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.
[A] a reflection of gender balance
[B] a reluctant choice
[C] a response to Reding’s call
[D] a voluntary action
38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.
[A] get top business positions
[B] see through the glass ceiling
[C] balance work and family
[D] anticipate legal results
39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.
[A] skepticism
[B] objectiveness
[C] indifference
[D] approval
40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.
[A] more social justice
[B] massive media attention
[C] suitable public policies
[D] greater “soft pressure”
篇12：考研真题历年英语二阅读Text 4
It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful， provocative magazine cover story， “I love My Children， I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling， life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable， Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy， we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard， Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom， or mom-to-be， smiling on the newsstands.
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation， is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn‘t seem quite fair， then， to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids， but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world： obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
Of course， the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic， especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples， single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there， considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it， raising a kid on their “own” (read： with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.
It‘s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous： most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free， happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‘t in some small， subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience， in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring
[A]temporary delight
[B]enjoyment in progress
[C]happiness in retrospect
[D]lasting reward
37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that
[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.
[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.
[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
[D]having children is highly valued by the public.
38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks
[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.
[B]are largely ignored by the media.
[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.
[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.
39.According to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
[A]soothing.
[B]ambiguous.
[C]compensatory.
[D]misleading.
40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
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